What is neurofeedback, in plain terms?

EEG Neurofeedback is a form of brain training. It helps the brain learn to work in a more balanced and efficient way by giving real-time feedback using sensors. It’s painless, non-invasive, and done while you're awake and relaxed.

Can neurofeedback help with ADHD?

Yes, neurofeedback has been shown to help improve focus, reduce impulsivity, and support emotional regulation in people with ADHD. It’s one of the better-researched areas for this type of therapy.

Can it help people on the autism spectrum?

Many people with autism benefit from neurofeedback – especially in areas like anxiety, sleep, attention, emotional regulation, and sensory processing. It won’t "cure" autism, but it can improve quality of life and daily functioning.

Is it safe?

Absolutely. Neurofeedback is safe when done by trained professionals. It doesn’t involve medication, electricity to the brain, or anything invasive – just brainwave monitoring and feedback.

How does it actually work?

The brain produces electrical signals (called brainwaves). In a session, sensors on the head measure these. When the brain moves towards a more balanced pattern, the person receives a reward – like clearer video or better sound – helping the brain learn through repetition.

How many sessions are needed?

It varies, but most people do between 20 and 40 sessions. Some may need more or fewer, depending on age, goals, and how the brain responds.

Will we see results straight away?

Some people notice improvements after a few sessions, but it’s usually a gradual process. Like learning a new skill, the brain needs time and practice to adapt.

Is it suitable for children?

Yes, neurofeedback is often used with children and teens. The sessions are usually engaging – sometimes involving games or videos – and tailored to each child’s needs.

Do we need a diagnosis to start neurofeedback?

Not necessarily. While many people use it as part of support for ADHD or autism, it can be helpful for focus, sleep, anxiety, or emotional balance even without a formal diagnosis.

Will it replace medication or therapy?

It can complement other treatments. Some people reduce their medication after successful training (under doctor supervision), but it’s rarely a total replacement. It often works best alongside therapy, occupational support, or educational plans.

What happens in a typical session?

The person sits comfortably while sensors are placed on the scalp. They might watch a film, play a game, or listen to music. The system gives feedback based on brain activity – helping the brain "learn" better patterns without obvious effort.

Will it work for everyone?

It doesn’t work the same for everyone. Most people show some benefit, but how much depends on individual brain patterns, lifestyle, and consistency. A proper assessment beforehand helps set realistic goals.

Is it available in Ireland?

Yes – more clinics and practitioners in Ireland now offer neurofeedback for ADHD, autism, anxiety, and more. It’s becoming increasingly recognised as a supportive therapy.

Is it evidence-based?

Yes, particularly for ADHD. There’s growing evidence for its use in autism and related issues like anxiety, though more research is ongoing. It’s important to choose a practitioner who uses evidence-based protocols.

Will my child have to concentrate during the session?

Not in the usual way. The beauty of neurofeedback is that it trains the brain without requiring active effort. Children can simply watch a video or play a simple game – the system does the work in the background.

What if my child is very hyper or can't sit still?

That’s quite common, especially with ADHD. Sessions are tailored to each individual, and many practitioners use shorter, engaging segments or movement-friendly setups to help children settle.

Can neurofeedback help with emotional outbursts or meltdowns?

It can. By supporting better self-regulation and calming overactive brainwaves, many families report fewer meltdowns, better frustration tolerance, and smoother transitions.

Is it painful or uncomfortable?

Not at all. The sensors just sit on the scalp using a gel or paste. There’s no shock, stimulation, or discomfort. Most children quickly forget they’re even wearing them.

Will I get a brain scan before we begin?

Some clinics offer a brain map (called a qEEG), which gives a detailed picture of brainwave patterns. It helps tailor the training. Other clinics use a symptom-based approach. Both are valid, depending on the practitioner.

Can adults with ADHD or autism benefit too?

Yes – neurofeedback is not just for children. Many adults use it to improve focus, reduce anxiety, manage stress, or deal with sensory overload. It can help at work, home, or in relationships.

Will the results last, or do we have to keep coming forever?

In many cases, results are long-lasting. Once the brain learns new patterns, they tend to stick. Some people do occasional “top-up” sessions if life gets particularly stressful or symptoms flare up.

Can it help with sleep problems?

Definitely. Many people – especially those with autism or ADHD – struggle with sleep. Neurofeedback often supports better sleep by calming the brain and improving its natural rhythms.

Is it like brainwashing or changing my child's personality?

Not at all. It doesn’t change who a person is – it helps the brain work more efficiently. Children are still themselves, just often calmer, more focused, and less reactive

What kind of improvements should we expect?

Every person is different. Improvements might include better attention, calmer behaviour, fewer sensory issues, improved sleep, or reduced anxiety. A good practitioner will discuss realistic goals with you.

Can it help with speech or communication delays?

There’s some early evidence that it may help by supporting focus, regulation, and auditory processing – all of which impact communication. It’s not a direct speech therapy but can support progress in that area.

How do I know if neurofeedback is working?

Progress is usually tracked through questionnaires, feedback from parents or teachers, and sometimes follow-up brain scans. Improvements may also show up in school, home routines, or mood.

Are there any side effects?

Mild ones are possible, like temporary tiredness, vivid dreams, or irritability after a session. These usually settle quickly and are part of the brain adjusting. Always report changes to your practitioner.

Can neurofeedback help with school performance?

Yes, it often helps with attention, memory, and staying on task – all of which support learning. Some children also feel more confident and less anxious in the classroom after a few weeks of training.

What age can a child start neurofeedback?

Children as young as four or five can begin, depending on the child’s ability to sit for short periods. Sessions are adapted to suit their age and attention span.

Can it reduce stimming or repetitive behaviours in autism?

It might help reduce these behaviours if they’re linked to anxiety or sensory overload. However, stimming itself isn’t always something that needs to be “fixed” – it depends on the context and how the child uses it.

How does neurofeedback differ from other therapies?

It focuses on brain self-regulation, rather than teaching behavioural skills or coping strategies. It works at the level of brain function, complementing therapies like OT, SLT, CBT, or play therapy.

Do we need to stop other therapies to do neurofeedback?

Not at all. Neurofeedback often works well alongside other supports. In fact, improved regulation can make it easier for children to get more out of therapies they’re already doing.

Can I stay with my child during the session?

Yes, most clinics encourage it – especially at the start. Some children relax more knowing a parent or carer is nearby. Over time, many grow more confident and independent.

Can it help reduce medication needs?

In some cases, yes – but only under supervision from your doctor or psychiatrist. Neurofeedback may allow for lower doses or better medication response, but it should never replace medical advice.

How do I choose a good neurofeedback practitioner?

Look for someone with proper training and certification – ideally with experience in ADHD or autism. Ask if they use evidence-based protocols and if they track progress regularly.

Is there a risk it could make things worse?

When done correctly, neurofeedback is very low risk. If the protocol isn’t well matched to the person’s brain, temporary issues like tiredness or moodiness may occur – but these are reversible. That’s why working with a trained practitioner matters.

Will my child enjoy it?

Many do! Watching cartoons, playing interactive games, or relaxing while being “trained like an astronaut” (as some kids say) can feel fun and empowering.

How can I support progress at home?

Consistency is key. Supporting good sleep, limiting screen time, managing stress, and attending sessions regularly all help reinforce the brain’s learning. You can also track changes at home using a simple log.

Can neurofeedback help with sensory sensitivity?

Yes, many people with autism or ADHD experience sensory overload. Neurofeedback can support the brain in becoming less reactive to sensory input like loud noises, textures, or lights – helping people feel more grounded.

Does my child need to be verbal to do neurofeedback?

Not at all. Neurofeedback doesn’t rely on speech – it works through brain activity alone. It can be helpful for non-speaking children and adults, and sessions can be adapted to suit their communication needs.

Will it change my child's personality?

No – neurofeedback doesn’t change who someone is. It helps regulate mood, energy, and focus. Children and adults remain themselves – just often calmer, more comfortable, and more in control of their emotions.

Can it help with aggressive behaviour?

If aggression is linked to impulsivity, frustration, or overstimulation, neurofeedback can often help by supporting emotional regulation. It’s not a behavioural intervention, but it works at the root of self-control.

Is there a 'right' time to start neurofeedback?

Anytime is fine – but earlier can be better, especially if a child is struggling with school or behaviour. Adults can benefit too, at any age. It’s never too late to help the brain regulate better.

How do we know which brainwaves need training?

Some clinics use an EEG brain map, which gives a detailed look at brainwave patterns. Others assess based on symptoms and behaviour. Both methods can guide effective protocols, depending on the clinician’s approach.

Can you do neurofeedback at home?

No. Self-directed neurofeedback without oversight can lead to ineffective or unwanted results.

Does it help with executive functioning?

Yes – by improving focus, impulse control, working memory, and regulation, neurofeedback can support executive functions, which are often affected in both ADHD and autism.